**Collection metadata**

@pinax_collection:document {title: "Chartbook Newsletter Collection", description: "A collection of newsletters by Adam Tooze covering economic policy, global economics, financial markets, geopolitics and historical analysis.", created: @date_2020_11_15, creator: @adam_tooze}

**Author**

@adam_tooze:person {full_name: "Adam Tooze", occupation: "economist, author"}

**Newsletter documents and file references**

@newsletter_1:document {title: "Chartbook # 1", subtitle: "Nov 15 2020 edition All the best charts and links from the last 48 Hours.", date: @date_2020_11_15, creator: @adam_tooze}
@file_18878070_chartbook_1 -> documents -> @newsletter_1

@newsletter_2:document {title: "Chartbook # 2", subtitle: "RECP, the mounting pandemic & the business of sport.", date: @date_2020_11_18, creator: @adam_tooze}
@file_19228634_chartbook_2_nov_18_2020 -> documents -> @newsletter_2

@newsletter_3:document {title: "Chartbook Newsletter # 3", subtitle: "Battles over fiscal policy, central banks and global debt relief.", date: @date_2020_11_21, creator: @adam_tooze}
@file_19484913_chartbook_newsletter_3_by_adam_tooze -> documents -> @newsletter_3

@newsletter_4:document {title: "Chartbook Newsletter # 4", subtitle: "Financial Stability Three Ways", date: @date_2020_11_25, creator: @adam_tooze}
@file_20150777_chartbook_newsletter_4_by_adam_tooze -> documents -> @newsletter_4

@newsletter_5:document {title: "Chartbook Newsletter # 5", subtitle: "What Happened in the US Treasury Market in March 2020? Take 1 of 4.", date: @date_2020_11_28, creator: @adam_tooze}
@file_20285248_chartbook_newsletter_5 -> documents -> @newsletter_5

@newsletter_6:document {title: "Chartbook Newsletter # 6", subtitle: "Britain on the Brexit Brink", date: @date_2020_12_03, creator: @adam_tooze}
@file_21520951_chartbook_newsletter_6 -> documents -> @newsletter_6

@newsletter_7:document {title: "Chartbook Newsletter # 7", subtitle: "Revisiting The Role of Hedge Funds In The March 2020 Treasury Market Turmoil", date: @date_2020_12_07, creator: @adam_tooze}
@file_20350839_chartbook_newsletter_7 -> documents -> @newsletter_7

@newsletter_8:document {title: "Chartbook Newsletter # 8", subtitle: "China", date: @date_2020_12_11, creator: @adam_tooze}
@file_24495471_chartbook_newsletter_8 -> documents -> @newsletter_8

@newsletter_9:document {title: "Chartbook Newsletter # 9", subtitle: "Reading China's State Capitalism", date: @date_2020_12_13, creator: @adam_tooze}
@file_25123071_chartbook_newsletter_9 -> documents -> @newsletter_9

@newsletter_10:document {title: "Chartbook Newsletter #10", subtitle: "Nigeria at a crossroads?", date: @date_2020_12_17, creator: @adam_tooze}
@file_25932805_chartbook_newsletter_10 -> documents -> @newsletter_10

@newsletter_11:document {title: "Chartbook Newsletter #11", subtitle: "Happy Holidays", date: @date_2020_12_25, creator: @adam_tooze}
@file_28801544_chartbook_newsletter_11 -> documents -> @newsletter_11

@newsletter_12:document {title: "Chartbook Newsletter #12", subtitle: "No Room for Complacency in the Euro Area in 2021", date: @date_2021_01_24, creator: @adam_tooze}
@file_31823302_chartbook_newsletter_12 -> documents -> @newsletter_12

@newsletter_13:document {title: "Chartbook Newsletter #13", subtitle: "Europe needs to step on the gas", date: @date_2021_02_24, creator: @adam_tooze}
@file_32849846_chartbook_newsletter_13 -> documents -> @newsletter_13

@newsletter_14:document {title: "Chartbook Newsletter #14", subtitle: "Are bond vigilantes real? The strange case of the 1994 bond market massacre.", date: @date_2021_02_28, creator: @adam_tooze}
@file_33071303_chartbook_newsletter_14 -> documents -> @newsletter_14

@newsletter_15:document {title: "Chartbook Newsletter #15", subtitle: "Talking (and reading) about Bitcoin", date: @date_2021_03_03, creator: @adam_tooze}
@file_33071302_chartbook_newsletter_15 -> documents -> @newsletter_15

@newsletter_16:document {title: "Chartbook Newsletter #16", subtitle: "Treasury markets and the SLR Exemption. When the financial plumbing gets political.", date: @date_2021_03_14, creator: @adam_tooze}
@file_33681286_chartbook_newsletter_16 -> documents -> @newsletter_16

@newsletter_17:document {title: "Chartbook Newsletter #17", subtitle: "Realism & Net‑Zero: The EU Case", date: @date_2021_03_23, creator: @adam_tooze}
@file_34186197_chartbook_newsletter_17 -> documents -> @newsletter_17

@newsletter_18:document {title: "Chartbook Newsletter #18", subtitle: "Mario Draghi and Italy's years of crisis.", date: @date_2021_04_02, creator: @adam_tooze}
@file_34685616_chartbook_newsletter_18 -> documents -> @newsletter_18

@newsletter_19:document {title: "Chartbook Newsletter #19", subtitle: "American Family Values and Biden's Families Plan", date: @date_2021_05_08, creator: @adam_tooze}
@file_36153631_chartbook_newsletter_19 -> documents -> @newsletter_19

@newsletter_20:document {title: "Chartbook Newsletter #20", subtitle: "The Caribbean, Central America and the “Brazilianization” thesis.", date: @date_2021_05_28, creator: @adam_tooze}
@file_36166353_chartbook_newsletter_20 -> documents -> @newsletter_20

@newsletter_21:document {title: "Chartbook Newsletter #21", subtitle: "", date: @date_2021_06_05, creator: @adam_tooze}
@file_37099424_chartbook_21 -> documents -> @newsletter_21

@newsletter_22:document {title: "Chartbook Newsletter #22", subtitle: "How do you count inflation? Tracking Weimar's hyperinflation.", date: @date_2021_06_12, creator: @adam_tooze}
@file_37368442_chartbook_newsletter_22 -> documents -> @newsletter_22

@newsletter_23:document {title: "Chartbook Newsletter #23", subtitle: "Biden's China strategy: a chronology", date: @date_2021_06_19, creator: @adam_tooze}
@file_37770510_chartbook_newsletter_23 -> documents -> @newsletter_23

@newsletter_24:document {title: "Chartbook Newsletter #24", subtitle: "Climate, carbon and class", date: @date_2021_06_27, creator: @adam_tooze}
@file_38091633_chartbook_newsletter_24 -> documents -> @newsletter_24

@newsletter_25:document {title: "Chartbook Newsletter #25", subtitle: "Economic history of World War II and the 18th Brumaire", date: @date_2021_07_03, creator: @adam_tooze}
@file_38323708_chartbook_newsletter_25 -> documents -> @newsletter_25

@newsletter_26:document {title: "Chartbook Newsletter #26", subtitle: "China's Hyperinflation", date: @date_2021_07_11, creator: @adam_tooze}
@file_38608988_chartbook_newsletter_26 -> documents -> @newsletter_26

@newsletter_29:document {title: "Chartbook #29: Afghanistan's economy on the eve of the American exit", subtitle: "Twenty years on.", date: @date_2021_07_31, creator: @adam_tooze}
@file_38538906_adam_toozes_chartbook_29_afghanistans -> documents -> @newsletter_29

**Key persons (defined once)**

@lorie_logan:person {full_name: "Lorie Logan", position: "Senior Economist, New York Fed"}
@annette_vissing_jorgensen:person {full_name: "Annette Vissing‑Jørgensen", position: "Professor of Economics, UC Berkeley"}
@daniel_barth:person {full_name: "Daniel Barth", affiliation: "Office of Financial Research"}
@jay_kahn:person {full_name: "Jay Kahn", affiliation: "Office of Financial Research"}
@steve_mnuchin:person {full_name: "Steve Mnuchin", position: "Former U.S. Treasury Secretary"}
@joe_biden:person {full_name: "Joe Biden", position: "President of the United States"}
@biden_families_plan:document {title: "American Families Plan", date: @date_2021_04_28, creator: @joe_biden}
@biden_rescue_plan:document {title: "American Rescue Plan", date: @date_2021_03_11, creator: @joe_biden}
@biden_jobs_infrastructure_plan:document {title: "American Jobs and Infrastructure Plan", date: @date_2021_03_31, creator: @joe_biden}
@mario_draghi:person {full_name: "Mario Draghi", position: "Prime Minister of Italy (2021‑)"}
@janet_yellen:person {full_name: "Janet Yellen", position: "U.S. Treasury Secretary"}
@david_edgerton:person {full_name: "David Edgerton", occupation: "Historian"}
@xi_jinping:person {full_name: "Xi Jinping", position: "General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party"}
@vasily_grossman:person {full_name: "Vasily Grossman", occupation: "Writer"}
@isabella_weber:person {full_name: "Isabella Weber", occupation: "Economist"}
@antony_blinken:person {full_name: "Antony Blinken", position: "U.S. Secretary of State"}
@michele_flournoy:person {full_name: "Michele Flournoy", position: "Deputy Secretary of Defense (2021‑)"}
@lloyd_austin_iii:person {full_name: "Lloyd Austin III", position: "U.S. Secretary of Defense"}
@kurt_campbell:person {full_name: "Kurt Campbell", position: "National Security Council Coordinator for Indo‑Pacific Affairs"}
@jake_sullivan:person {full_name: "Jake Sullivan", position: "National Security Advisor"}
@steve_blaney:person {full_name: "Steve Blaney", position: "U.S. Treasury Undersecretary for Domestic Finance"}
@steve_blaney:person {full_name: "Steve Blaney", position: "U.S. Treasury Undersecretary for Domestic Finance"}
@steve_blaney:person {full_name: "Steve Blaney", position: "U.S. Treasury Undersecretary for Domestic Finance"}
@steve_blaney:person {full_name: "Steve Blaney", position: "U.S. Treasury Undersecretary for Domestic Finance"}

**Key organizations (defined once)**

@fed:organization {full_name: "Federal Reserve System"}
@new_york_fed:organization {full_name: "Federal Reserve Bank of New York"}
@imf:organization {full_name: "International Monetary Fund"}
@g20:organization {full_name: "Group of Twenty (G20)"}
@ofr:organization {full_name: "Office of Financial Research"}
@mckinsey:organization {full_name: "McKinsey & Company"}
@eu_commission:organization {full_name: "European Commission"}
@eu:organization {full_name: "European Union"}
@china:place {full_name: "China"}   // reference – not defined
@us:place {full_name: "United States"}   // reference – not defined
@italy:place {full_name: "Italy"}   // reference – not defined
@afghanistan:place {full_name: "Afghanistan"}   // reference – not defined
@caribbean:place {full_name: "Caribbean"}   // reference – not defined
@central_america:place {full_name: "Central America"}   // reference – not defined

**Key concepts/events (defined once)**

@march_2020_treasury_turmoil:event {description: "Sharp drop in U.S. Treasury prices and spike in yields in March 2020 as investors fled to cash and later panic‑sold Treasuries.", when: @date_2020_03}
@hedge_fund_selling:concept {description: "Aggressive selling of Treasury securities by hedge funds during March 2020."}
@ofr_2020_report:document {title: "Office of Financial Research Annual Report 2020", date: @date_2020_10, creator: @ofr, {estimated_long_treasury_exposure_loss: "$242 billion (17 %)"}}
@financial_stability_report_nov_2020:document {title: "Financial Stability Report – November 2020", date: @date_2020_11_09, creator: @fed}
@bond_vigilantes:concept {description: "Market participants who sell bonds to force governments to tighten fiscal policy."}
@bond_market_1994_meltdown:event {description: "Sharp rise in U.S. Treasury yields in 1994, often called the “bond market massacre”.", when: @date_1994_10}
@bitcoin_price_surge_2021:event {description: "Second major surge in Bitcoin price in 2021, reaching record highs.", when: @date_2021_04}
@slr_exemption:concept {description: "Regulatory exemption from the Supplementary Leverage Ratio for certain banks."}
@net_zero:concept {description: "Goal of reducing net greenhouse‑gas emissions to zero by mid‑century."}
@state_capitalism:concept {description: "Economic model in which the state plays a dominant role in directing capital and enterprises."}
@hyperinflation_weimar:concept {description: "Extreme inflation in the Weimar Republic (1921‑1923)."}
@brexit:event {description: "United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union.", when: @date_2020_01}
@euro_area:place {full_name: "Euro Area"}   // reference – not defined
@stalingrad_battle:event {description: "Battle of Stalingrad (23 Aug 1942 – 2 Feb 1943).", when: @date_1942_08}
@afghanistan_economy_2021:event {description: "Economic situation in Afghanistan on the eve of the U.S. withdrawal (mid‑2021).", when: @date_2021_07}
@china_hyperinflation_concern:concept {description: "Discussion of China’s low inflation environment and monetary conservatism."}

**Relationships extracted from the newsletters**

*Newsletter 5 (US Treasury market March 2020)*  

@newsletter_5 -> discusses -> @march_2020_treasury_turmoil  
@march_2020_treasury_turmoil -> involved -> @hedge_funds {role: "major sellers"}  
@lorie_logan -> works_at -> @new_york_fed  
@lorie_logan -> gave -> @financial_stability_report_nov_2020  
@annette_vissing_jorgensen -> authored -> @vissing_jorgensen_paper:document {title: "Treasury market dynamics during COVID‑19", date: @date_2020_04}  
@daniel_barth -> coauthored -> @ofr_2020_report  
@jay_kahn -> coauthored -> @ofr_2020_report  
@ofr_2020_report -> estimates -> @march_2020_treasury_turmoil {long_treasury_exposure_loss: "$242 billion"}  
@fed -> published -> @financial_stability_report_nov_2020  

*Newsletter 3 (Fiscal policy & G20)*  

@newsletter_3 -> mentions -> @steve_mnuchin {role: "Outgoing Treasury Secretary"}  
@newsletter_3 -> mentions -> @g20_virtual_meeting:event {description: "G20 virtual meeting on international debt framework", when: @date_2020_11}  
@g20 -> organized -> @g20_virtual_meeting  

*Newsletter 4 (Brexit)*  

@newsletter_4 -> analyzes -> @brexit  
@david_edgerton -> wrote -> @edgerton_brexit_article:document {title: "Britain’s place in the world after Brexit", date: @date_2019_10}  
@newsletter_4 -> references -> @edgerton_brexit_article  

*Newsletter 7 (Hedge fund role)*  

@newsletter_7 -> revisits -> @hedge_fund_selling  
@newsletter_7 -> cites -> @ofr_2020_report  

*Newsletter 8 (China – growth, debt, regime)*  

@newsletter_8 -> discusses -> @china_economic_growth:concept  
@newsletter_8 -> discusses -> @china_debt_structure:concept  
@newsletter_8 -> discusses -> @china_regime_interventions:concept  

*Newsletter 9 (State capitalism in China)*  

@newsletter_9 -> examines -> @state_capitalism  
@newsletter_9 -> mentions -> @xi_jinping  

*Newsletter 10 (Nigeria demographics)*  

@newsletter_10 -> cites -> @nigeria_population_growth:concept  

*Newsletter 12 (Euro Area 2021)*  

@newsletter_12 -> warns about -> @euro_area {concern: "inflation and fiscal slack"}  

*Newsletter 14 (Bond vigilantes & 1994)*  

@newsletter_14 -> explains -> @bond_vigilantes  
@newsletter_14 -> recounts -> @bond_market_1994_meltdown  

*Newsletter 15 (Bitcoin)*  

@newsletter_15 -> reports -> @bitcoin_price_surge_2021  

*Newsletter 16 (SLR exemption & Treasury markets)*  

@newsletter_16 -> mentions -> @slr_exemption  
@newsletter_16 -> links to -> @financial_stability_report_nov_2020  

*Newsletter 17 (EU net‑zero)*  

@newsletter_17 -> analyzes -> @net_zero in @eu  
@newsletter_17 -> cites -> @mckinsey_report:document {title: "EU decarbonisation challenge", date: @date_2021_02}  

*Newsletter 18 (Mario Draghi & Italy)*  

@newsletter_18 -> profiles -> @mario_draghi  
@newsletter_18 -> notes -> @janet_yellen as counterpart in US‑Italy economic dialogue  
@newsletter_18 -> mentions -> @nextgen_eu:concept  

*Newsletter 19 (Biden Families Plan)*  

@newsletter_19 -> describes -> @biden_families_plan  
@biden_families_plan -> follows -> @biden_rescue_plan  
@biden_families_plan -> follows -> @biden_jobs_infrastructure_plan  

*Newsletter 20 (Caribbean & “Brazilianization”)*  

@newsletter_20 -> discusses -> @caribbean  
@newsletter_20 -> discusses -> @central_america  
@newsletter_20 -> introduces -> @brazilianization:concept  

*Newsletter 21 (Stalingrad & Grossman)*  

@newsletter_21 -> studies -> @stalingrad_battle  
@newsletter_21 -> references -> @vasily_grossman  

*Newsletter 22 (Weimar hyperinflation)*  

@newsletter_22 -> examines -> @hyperinflation_weimar  

*Newsletter 23 (Biden China strategy chronology)*  

@newsletter_23 -> chronicles -> @joe_biden_china_policy:timeline  
@joe_biden_china_policy -> involves -> @antony_blinken  
@joe_biden_china_policy -> involves -> @michele_flournoy  
@joe_biden_china_policy -> involves -> @lloyd_austin_iii  
@joe_biden_china_policy -> involves -> @kurt_campbell  
@joe_biden_china_policy -> involves -> @jake_sullivan  

*Newsletter 24 (Climate, carbon, class)*  

@newsletter_24 -> links -> @climate_crisis:concept with @class_inequality:concept  

*Newsletter 25 (WWII & Blitzkrieg)*  

@newsletter_25 -> analyses -> @third_reich:organization  
@newsletter_25 -> links to -> @fdr:person  

*Newsletter 26 (China hyperinflation)*  

@newsletter_26 -> discusses -> @china_hyperinflation_concern  
@newsletter_26 -> cites -> @isabella_weber  

*Newsletter 29 (Afghanistan economy)*  

@newsletter_29 -> surveys -> @afghanistan_economy_2021  
@newsletter_29 -> notes US cost -> "$2.2 trillion" (from @joe_biden administration)  

**Additional supporting entities**

@vissing_jorgensen_paper:document {title: "Treasury market dynamics during COVID‑19", date: @date_2020_04, creator: @annette_vissing_jorgensen}
@edgerton_brexit_article:document {title: "Britain’s place in the world after Brexit", date: @date_2019_10, creator: @david_edgerton}
@mckinsey_report:document {title: "EU decarbonisation challenge", date: @date_2021_02, creator: @mckinsey}
@nextgen_eu:concept {description: "EU’s Next Generation recovery fund for fiscal capacity."}
@climate_crisis:concept {description: "Global climate emergency affecting production and consumption."}
@class_inequality:concept {description: "Social hierarchy and income disparity shaping energy use."}
@third_reich:organization {description: "Nazi Germany (1933‑1945)."}
@fdr:person {full_name: "Franklin D. Roosevelt", position: "U.S. President (1933‑1945)"}   // reference

**Summary of key thematic links**

- **US Treasury market turmoil (Mar 2020)** ↔ **Hedge fund selling**, **OF​R report**, **Fed Financial Stability Report**.  
- **Fiscal policy & G20** ↔ **Steve Mnuchin**, **virtual G20 debt meeting**.  
- **Brexit** ↔ **David Edgerton analysis**.  
- **China** ↔ **Growth, debt, state‑capitalism, hyperinflation concerns**.  
- **Biden’s policy agenda** ↔ **Rescue Plan → Jobs/Infrastructure → Families Plan**.  
- **EU net‑zero** ↔ **McKinsey analysis**, **EU Commission**.  
- **Mario Draghi & Italy** ↔ **NextGen EU**, **Janet Yellen**.  
- **Bitcoin** ↔ **2021 price surge**.  
- **Bond market history** ↔ **1994 bond massacre**, **bond vigilantes**.  
- **Stalingrad & Grossman** ↔ **WWII historiography**.  
- **Weimar hyperinflation** ↔ **Historical inflation tracking**.  
- **Biden‑China strategy** ↔ **Key officials (Blinken, Flournoy, Austin, Campbell, Sullivan)**.  
- **Afghanistan economy (2021)** ↔ **U.S. $2.2 trillion war cost**, **Taliban outlook**.