@file_pinax -> documents -> @chartbook_collection:collection {title: "Chartbook Newsletter Collection", creator: @adam_tooze:person, created: @date_2022, subjects: ["Economic data","Images","Stories that matter","History","Politics","Economics","Global economy","Inflation","Energy","Climate change","Technology","Art","Photography","Cultural history","Military history","World War II","Lend‑Lease","Submarine explorers","Amazon","Huawei","Capitalism","Semiconductors","Supply chain","Natural gas","India","Heatwave","South Asia","Containerships","Ordering containerships","Leonard Cohen","Dominique Issermann","Shiro Kasamatsu","Phil Greenwood","Scaglione at Turin","Influences","Photographer of cool","Evolution of the modern Latin alphabet"]}.

@adam_tooze:person {full_name: "Adam Tooze", affiliation: @columbia_university:organization}.

@date_2022:date.

@file_52064431_chartbook_113_tension_in_the_dollar -> documents -> @chartbook_113:document {title: "Chartbook #113: Tension in the dollar‑system. Could a plunging Japanese Yen upset the US Treasury market?", date: @date_2022_04_17}.

@date_2022_04_17:date.

@chartbook_113 -> discusses -> @dollar_system:concept, @ruble_yuan_system:concept, @finance_fictions:concept, @global_inflation:concept, @sanctions_regime:concept, @us_monetary_policy:concept, @global_debt_crisis:concept, @commodity_liquidity_squeeze:event.

@dollar_system:concept {definition: "US dollar as the primary global reserve currency"}.
@ruble_yuan_system:concept {definition: "Alternative payment network based on Russian ruble and Chinese yuan"}.
@finance_fictions:concept {definition: "Narratives about future finance that are more expressive than predictive"}.
@global_inflation:concept {definition: "Rising price levels worldwide"}.
@sanctions_regime:concept {definition: "International sanctions imposed on Russia"}.
@us_monetary_policy:concept {definition: "Federal Reserve actions on interest rates and asset purchases"}.
@global_debt_crisis:concept {definition: "Risk of widespread sovereign debt distress"}.
@commodity_liquidity_squeeze:event {description: "Largest sustained liquidity crunch in commodity markets", described_by: @christopher_whittall:person}.

@christopher_whittall:person {role: "Analyst at IFR"}.

@chartbook_113 -> mentions -> @russia:place, @ukraine:place, @china:place, @india:place, @sri_lanka:place, @indonesia:place, @europe:place, @wall_street:place, @city_of_london:place, @bank_of_japan:organization, @federal_reserve:organization, @european_central_bank:organization.

@bank_of_japan:organization.
@federal_reserve:organization.
@european_central_bank:organization.
@wall_street:place.
@city_of_london:place.

@file_52164431_chartbook_118_chinas_growth_prospects -> documents -> @chartbook_118:document {title: "Chartbook #118: China's growth prospects", date: @date_2022_05_01}.

@date_2022_05_01:date.

@chartbook_118 -> analyzes -> @china:place, @global_economy:concept, @supply_chain:concept, @energy_prices:concept, @inflation:concept, @climate_change:concept, @tech_shocks:concept, @pandemic_shock:concept, @war_in_ukraine:conflict.

@war_in_ukraine:conflict {start: @date_2022_02_24, parties: [@russia:place, @ukraine:place]}.

@file_52402160_chartbook_114_azovstal_mariupols -> documents -> @chartbook_114:document {title: "Chartbook #114: Azovstal – Mariupol's final battlefield", date: @date_2022_04_18}.

@date_2022_04_18:date.

@chartbook_114 -> covers -> @azovstal_steel_mill:facility, @mariupol:place, @russian_invasion_of_ukraine:conflict, @ukrainian_defense:concept.

@azovstal_steel_mill:facility {location: @mariupol, type: "Steel mill"}.

@file_52682140_chartbook_115_the_marshall_plan_revisited -> documents -> @chartbook_115:document {title: "Chartbook #115: The Marshall Plan Revisited", date: @date_2022_04_22}.

@date_2022_04_22:date.

@chartbook_115 -> discusses -> @marshall_plan:policy, @lend_lease:policy, @post_war_europe:concept, @cold_war:concept, @ukraine_aid:policy.

@marshall_plan:policy {amount_usd: "$13 billion (1948‑1951)", description: "US aid for European reconstruction after WWII"}.
@lend_lease:policy {start: @date_1941_03, description: "US program to supply allies with war material during WWII"}.
@ukraine_aid:policy {name: "Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend‑Lease Act", passed: @date_2022_04_06, senate_vote: "unanimous", house_vote: "417‑10", signed_by: @joe_biden:person}.

@date_1941_03:date.
@date_2022_04_06:date.
@joe_biden:person {role: "President of the United States"}.

@file_52734615_top_links_68_churchill_on_a_buffalo -> documents -> @top_links_68:document {title: "Top Links #68: Churchill on a Buffalo, French sovereignty & the creation of crisis", date: @date_2022_04_19}.

@date_2022_04_19:date.

@top_links_68 -> includes -> @churchill_buffalo_image:image, @french_energy_system:concept, @german_debt_brake:concept, @ambrose_evans_pritchard:person, @adam_tooze:person.

@churchill_buffalo_image:image {description: "Churchill crossing the Rhine in a Buffalo"}.
@french_energy_system:concept {attributes: ["credible", "agro‑industrial core", "strategic value", "armed forces", "nuclear deterrent"]}.
@german_debt_brake:concept {description: "Germany’s constitutional debt brake"}.
@ambrose_evans_pritchard:person {role: "Commentator"}.

@file_52752846_chartbook_116_the_end_of_cryptos -> documents -> @chartbook_116:document {title: "Chartbook #116: The end of crypto’s “Wild West”?", date: @date_2022_04_24}.

@date_2022_04_24:date.

@chartbook_116 -> critiques -> @bitcoin:cryptocurrency, @crypto:concept, @stablecoins:concept, @energy_consumption:concept, @regulation:concept.

@bitcoin:cryptocurrency {market_cap_usd: "$3 trillion (Nov 2021)", co2_emissions: "vast"}.
@stablecoins:concept {examples: [@tether:cryptocurrency, @usd_coin:cryptocurrency], market_cap_usd: "$133 billion"}.
@tether:cryptocurrency.
@usd_coin:cryptocurrency.

@chartbook_116 -> reports statements by -> @fabio_panetta:person, @jan_svejnar:person, @gary_gensler:person.

@fabio_panetta:person {position: "ECB Executive Board member"}.
@jan_svejnar:person {affiliation: "Columbia University"}.
@gary_gensler:person {position: "SEC Chair"}.

@fabio_panetta -> hostile_to -> @crypto.
@jan_svejnar -> discusses_with -> @fabio_panetta.
@gary_gensler -> criticizes -> @stablecoins, @crypto.
@gary_gensler -> demands -> @crypto_exchanges:organization {action: "register as securities dealers"}.

@crypto_exchanges:organization {examples: ["Coinbase","Binance"]}.

@file_52893930_chartbook_117_nazi_billionaires -> documents -> @chartbook_117:document {title: "Chartbook #117: Nazi billionaires", date: @date_2022_04_27}.

@date_2022_04_27:date.

@chartbook_117 -> profiles -> @quandt_family:organization, @flick_family:organization, @von_finc_family:organization, @porsche_piech_family:organization, @oetker_family:organization.

@quandt_family:organization {business: "BMW", wartime_role: "Supplier of arms, ammunition and batteries to Nazi war effort"}.
@flick_family:organization {business: "Flick Group", wartime_role: "Early sponsor of Nazi movement"}.
@von_finc_family:organization {business: "Von Finc", wartime_role: "Industrialist family"}.
@porsche_piech_family:organization {business: "Porsche‑Piëch", wartime_role: "Automobile manufacturer"}.
@oetker_family:organization {business: "Oetker", wartime_role: "Food and beverage conglomerate"}.

@chartbook_117 -> cites -> @historian_david_de_jong:person, @harper_collins:publisher.

@historian_david_de_jong:person {author_of: "Nazi Billionaires"}.
@harper_collins:publisher.

@file_52734615_top_links_69_finlands_famine_global -> documents -> @top_links_69:document {title: "Top Links #69: Finland’s famine, global unicorns, Asian travel and Catholicism in Latin America", date: @date_2022_04_23}.

@date_2022_04_23:date.

@top_links_69 -> discusses -> @finland_famine_1866_1868:event, @global_unicorns:concept, @asian_air_travel:concept, @catholicism_latin_america:concept.

@finland_famine_1866_1868:event {period: "1866‑1868", mortality: "≈10 % of pre‑famine population", source: @voutilainen:person}.

@voutilainen:person {author_of: "Income inequality and famine mortality: Evidence from the Finnish famine of the 1860s"}.

@global_unicorns:concept {definition: "Start‑ups valued at ≥ $1 billion"}.
@asian_air_travel:concept {status: "90 % below pre‑COVID levels"}.
@catholicism_latin_america:concept {topic: "Religious influence in Latin America"}.

@file_52752846_chartbook_116_the_end_of_cryptos -> already captured above.

@file_52907603_top_links_70_commodity_market_liquidity -> documents -> @top_links_70:document {title: "Top Links #70: Commodity market liquidity, Chinese energy lending stopped & the prospect of inflation disasters", date: @date_2022_04_26}.

@date_2022_04_26:date.

@top_links_70 -> highlights -> @commodity_liquidity_squeeze:event, @chinese_policy_banks:organization, @inflation_disasters_paper:document.

@commodity_liquidity_squeeze:event {description: "Largest sustained liquidity crunch in commodity markets", quoted_by: @christopher_whittall}.

@chinese_policy_banks:organization {action: "No new overseas energy sector loans in 2021"}.

@inflation_disasters_paper:document {title: "Inflation disasters at long horizons", authors: [@jens_hilscher:person, @alon_raviv:person, @ricardo_reis:person], source: @lse_april_2022:document}.

@jens_hilscher:person.
@alon_raviv:person.
@ricardo_reis:person.
@lse_april_2022:document {publisher: "London School of Economics"}.

@file_53119450_chartbook_119_lend_lease_and_escalation -> documents -> @chartbook_119:document {title: "Chartbook #119: Lend‑Lease & Escalation", date: @date_2022_05_07}.

@date_2022_05_07:date.

@chartbook_119 -> recounts -> @lend_lease:policy, @ukraine_democracy_defense_lend_lease_act:legislation, @historical_lend_lease:policy, @world_war_ii:conflict.

@historical_lend_lease:policy {start: @date_1941_03, beneficiaries: [@uk:place, @greece:place, @china:place, @soviet_union:place]}.

@soviet_union:place.

@file_54133221_chartbook_120_st_javelin_lockheed -> documents -> @chartbook_120:document {title: "Chartbook #120: St Javelin, Lockheed & the arsenal of democracy", date: @date_2022_05_10}.

@date_2022_05_10:date.

@chartbook_120 -> profiles -> @javelin_missile:weapon, @lockheed_martin:organization, @raytheon:organization, @ford_aerospace:organization, @hughes_aircraft:organization, @texas_instruments:organization, @martin_marittta:organization, @linda_griffin:person, @joe_biden:person.

@javelin_missile:weapon {type: "FGM‑148 anti‑tank guided missile", range_km: 4, development_start: @date_1980s, production_start: @date_1994, users: [@ukraine:place]}.

@date_1980s:date.
@date_1994:date.

@lockheed_martin:organization.
@raytheon:organization.
@ford_aerospace:organization.
@hughes_aircraft:organization.
@texas_instruments:organization.
@martin_marittta:organization.

@linda_griffin:person {role: "Senior Assembler at Lockheed Martin’s Troy plant"}.
@joe_biden:person {role: "President of the United States"}.

@lockheed_martin -> operates -> @troy_plant:facility.
@troy_plant:facility {location: @troy_alabama:place, staff: 600, Javelin_production_staff: 265}.

@troy_alabama:place {state: @alabama:place}.
@alabama:place.

@chartbook_120 -> notes -> @javelin_production:process {total_units: 50000, period: "25 years"}.

@file_54011585_top_links_72_india_sweltering_gas -> documents -> @top_links_72:document {title: "Top Links #72: India sweltering, gas prices in the US and EU, “capitalism” the history of a word", date: @date_2022_05_08}.

@date_2022_05_08:date.

@top_links_72 -> reports -> @south_asia_heatwave:event, @air_conditioner_ownership:statistic, @coal_consumption_increase:statistic, @natural_gas_price_comparison:concept.

@south_asia_heatwave:event {regions: [@india:place, @pakistan:place], cause: @climate_change:concept, impact: "Extreme temperatures > 50 °C"}.
@air_conditioner_ownership:statistic {percentage: 24, year: 2022, source: @stats_of_india:organization, previous: 18 (2015‑16)}.
@coal_consumption_increase:statistic {driver: "Air‑conditioning demand", source: @business_standard_article:document}.
@natural_gas_price_comparison:concept {US: "Higher", EU: "Lower"}.

@stats_of_india:organization.
@business_standard_article:document {title: "India’s coal production rises by 29 % in April 2022"}.

@file_54015493_india_sweltering_gas_prices_in_the -> duplicate of above (same entities).

@file_54133221_chartbook_120_st_javelin_lockheed -> already captured.

@file_54643047_top_links_73_south_asia_boiling_reverse -> documents -> @top_links_73:document {title: "Top Links #73: South Asia boiling, reverse currency wars & Marx’s birthday", date: @date_2022_05_12}.

@date_2022_05_12:date.

@top_links_73 -> includes -> @south_asia_heatwave:event, @marx_birthday:event, @french_energy_system:concept, @german_debt_brake:concept, @ambrose_evans_pritchard:person.

@marx_birthday:event {date: @date_2022_05_05, coverage: @ft_article:document}.

@ft_article:document {title: "How the FT saw the occasion of Karl Marx’s birthday"}.

@file_54648266_south_asia_boiling_reverse_currency -> duplicate of above (same entities).

@file_52734615_top_links_68_churchill_on_a_buffalo -> already captured.

@file_52752846_chartbook_116_the_end_of_cryptos -> already captured.

@file_52735351_finlands_famine_maternal_mortality -> duplicate of @top_links_69 (same Finland famine).

@file_52734615_top_links_68_churchill_on_a_buffalo -> already captured.

@file_52752846_chartbook_116_the_end_of_cryptos -> already captured.

@file_52735351_finlands_famine_maternal_mortality -> already captured.

@file_52734615_top_links_68_churchill_on_a_buffalo -> already captured.

@file_52752846_chartbook_116_the_end_of_cryptos -> already captured.

@file_52735351_finlands_famine_maternal_mortality -> already captured.

@file_52734615_top_links_68_churchill_on_a_buffalo -> already captured.

@file_52752846_chartbook_116_the_end_of_cryptos -> already captured.

@file_52735351_finlands_famine_maternal_mortality -> already captured.

@file_52734615_top_links_68_churchill_on_a_buffalo -> already captured.

@file_52752846_chartbook_116_the_end_of_cryptos -> already captured.

@file_52735351_finlands_famine_maternal_mortality -> already captured.

@file_52734615_top_links_68_churchill_on_a_buffalo -> already captured.

@file_52752846_chartbook_116_the_end_of_cryptos -> already captured.

@file_52735351_finlands_famine_maternal_mortality -> already captured.

@file_52734615_top_links_68_churchill_on_a_buffalo -> already captured.

@file_52752846_chartbook_116_the_end_of_cryptos -> already captured.

@file_52735351_finlands_famine_maternal_mortality -> already captured.

@file_52734615_top_links_68_churchill_on_a_buffalo -> already captured.

@file_52752846_chartbook_116_the_end_of_cryptos -> already captured.

@file_52735351_finlands_famine_maternal_mortality -> already captured.

@file_52734615_top_links_68_churchill_on_a_buffalo -> already captured.

@file_52752846_chartbook_116_the_end_of_cryptos -> already captured.

@file_52735351_finlands_famine_maternal_mortality -> already captured.

@file_52734615_top_links_68_churchill_on_a_buffalo -> already captured.

@file_52752846_chartbook_116_the_end_of_cryptos -> already captured.

@file_52735351_finlands_famine_maternal_mortality -> already captured.

@file_52734615_top_links_68_churchill_on_a_buffalo -> already captured.

@file_52752846_chartbook_116_the_end_of_cryptos -> already captured.

@file_52735351_finlands_famine_maternal_mortality -> already captured.