**Organization & Core Entities**

@female_medical_college_of_pennsylvania:organization {full_name: "Female Medical College of Pennsylvania", type: "Medical college", location: @philadelphia, founded: @date_1850}

@legislature_of_commonwealth:organization {full_name: "Legislature of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania", type: "Government body"}

@musical_fund_hall:place {full_name: "Musical Fund Hall", location: @philadelphia}

@college_building:place {full_name: "College Building", location: @philadelphia}

@dean_office:place {full_name: "Dean’s Office", location: @college_building}

@faculty_room:place {full_name: "Faculty Room", location: @college_building}

@upper_lecture_room:place {full_name: "Upper Lecture Room", location: @college_building}

@lower_room:place {full_name: "Lower Room", location: @college_building}

@house_229_arch_st:place {full_name: "House No 229 Arch St", address: "229 Arch St, Philadelphia"}

@musaeal_fund_hall:place {full_name: "Musaeal Fund Hall", location: @philadelphia}   # venue of the first commencement

@committee_fitting_up_room:organization {full_name: "Committee on Fitting‑up the Room", type: "Committee"}

@committee_upper_room:organization {full_name: "Committee on Upper Room", type: "Committee"}

@committee_lower_room:organization {full_name: "Committee on Lower Room", type: "Committee"}

@committee_accounts:organization {full_name: "Committee on Accounts", type: "Committee"}

@committee_purchasing_property:organization {full_name: "Committee on Purchasing Property", type: "Committee"}

@committee_raising_funds:organization {full_name: "Committee on Raising Funds", type: "Committee"}

@committee_medicines:organization {full_name: "Committee on Medicines", type: "Committee"}

@committee_museum:organization {full_name: "Committee on Museum Preparations", type: "Committee"}

@society_defray_expenses:organization {full_name: "Society for Defraying the Annual Expenses", type: "Society"}

@corporators:organization {full_name: "Corporators of the Female Medical College", type: "Governing body"}

@association_to_sustain_fmc:organization {full_name: "Association to Sustain the Female Medical College", purpose: "Financial support of FMC"}

@chair_materia_medica_and_general_therapeutics:concept {previous_name: "Materia Medica and Pharmacy"}

@md_degree:concept {full_name: "M.D. degree"}

@thesis:concept {full_name: "Medical Thesis"}

@faculty_seal:concept {full_name: "Faculty Seal"}

**People (first definition only)**  

@dr_gleason:person {full_name: "Dr. Gleason"}  
@dr_mccluskey:person {full_name: "Dr. McCluskey"}  
@dr_longshore:person {full_name: "Dr. Longshore"}  
@dr_langshore:person {full_name: "Dr. Langshore"}  
@dr_johnson:person {full_name: "David I. Johnson", role: "Dean"}   # also referred to as Dr. Johnson  
@dr_moseley:person {full_name: "Dr. Moseley"}  
@dr_livezey:person {full_name: "Dr. Livezey"}  
@dr_foster:person {full_name: "Dr. Foster"}  
@dr_dickeson:person {full_name: "Dr. Dickeson"}  
@dr_gregory:person {full_name: "Dr. Gregory"}  
@dr_mickison:person {full_name: "Dr. Mickison", role: "Professor of Chemistry"}  
@dr_cornell:person {full_name: "Dr. Cornell"}  
@dr_mcclintonck:person {full_name: "Dr. McClintonck"}  
@dr_lively:person {full_name: "Dr. Lively"}  
@dr_wolfe:person {full_name: "Dr. Wolfe"}  
@dr_harvey:person {full_name: "Dr. Harvey"}  
@dr_rolfe:person {full_name: "Dr. Rolfe"}  
@dr_pancoast:person {full_name: "Dr. Pancoast"}  
@dr_mullin:person {full_name: "Wm S. Mullin"}  
@dr_mossely:person {full_name: "Dr. Mossely"}  
@dr_dickason:person {full_name: "Dr. Dickason"}  
@dr_dickenson:person {full_name: "Dr. Dickenson"}  
@ellwood_harvey:person {full_name: "Ellwood Harvey"}  
@dr_wm_s_peirce:person {full_name: "Wm S. Peirce", role: "Secretary"}  
@dr_n_r_moseley:person {full_name: "Dr. N. R. Moseley"}  
@mrs_hannah_longshore:person {full_name: "Mrs. Hannah E. Longshore"}  
@miss_phoebe_way:person {full_name: "Miss Phoebe M. Way"}  
@anna_m_langshore:person {full_name: "Anna M. Langshore"}  
@ann_preston:person {full_name: "Ann Preston"}  
@miss_alma_fowler:person {full_name: "Miss Almira L. Fowler"}  
@miss_ellen_hicks:person {full_name: "Miss Ellen S. Hicks"}  
@mrs_cg_adams:person {full_name: "Mrs. C. G. Adams"}  
@mrs_eb_chamberlin:person {full_name: "Mrs. E. B. Chamberlin"}  
@mrs_henrietta_johnson:person {full_name: "Mrs. Henrietta W. Johnson"}  
@miss_augusta_montgomery:person {full_name: "Miss Augusta R. Montgomery"}  
@mrs_hannah_ellis:person {full_name: "Mrs. Hannah W. Ellis"}  
@mrs_charlotte_adams:person {full_name: "Mrs. Charlotte G. Adams"}  
@mrs_margaret_richardson:person {full_name: "Mrs. Margaret Richardson"}  
@mrs_julia_beverly:person {full_name: "Mrs. Julia A. Beverly"}  
@mrs_annah_anderson:person {full_name: "Mrs. Annah N. S. Anderson"}  

**Files → Documents (minutes) & Meetings**

@file_a092_001_014_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1850_11_09:document {date: @date_1850_11_09, location: @philadelphia, meeting: @meeting_1850_11_09:event}  
@meeting_1850_11_09:event {when: @date_1850_11_09, where: @philadelphia, minutes: @minutes_1850_11_09:document}

@file_a092_001_017_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1850_12_??:document {date: @date_1850_12_??, location: @philadelphia, meeting: @meeting_1850_12_??:event}  
@meeting_1850_12_??:event {when: @date_1850_12_??, where: @philadelphia, minutes: @minutes_1850_12_??:document}

@file_a092_001_024_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1851_01_16:document {date: @date_1851_01_16, location: @philadelphia, meeting: @meeting_1851_01_16:event}  
@meeting_1851_01_16:event {when: @date_1851_01_16, where: @philadelphia, minutes: @minutes_1851_01_16:document}

@file_a092_001_024_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1851_05_29:document {date: @date_1851_05_29, location: @philadelphia, meeting: @meeting_1851_05_29:event}  
@meeting_1851_05_29:event {when: @date_1851_05_29, where: @philadelphia, minutes: @minutes_1851_05_29:document}

@file_a092_001_025_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1857_06_03:document {date: @date_1857_06_03, location: @philadelphia, meeting: @meeting_1857_06_03:event}  
@meeting_1857_06_03:event {when: @date_1857_06_03, where: @philadelphia, minutes: @minutes_1857_06_03:document}

@file_a092_001_027_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1851_09_10:document {date: @date_1851_09_10, location: @philadelphia, meeting: @meeting_1851_09_10:event}  
@meeting_1851_09_10:event {when: @date_1851_09_10, where: @philadelphia, minutes: @minutes_1851_09_10:document}

@file_a092_001_027_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1851_12_06:document {date: @date_1851_12_06, location: @philadelphia, meeting: @meeting_1851_12_06:event}  
@meeting_1851_12_06:event {when: @date_1851_12_06, where: @philadelphia, minutes: @minutes_1851_12_06:document}

@file_a092_001_028_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1852_01_01:document {date: @date_1852_01_01, location: @philadelphia, meeting: @meeting_1852_01_01:event}  
@meeting_1852_01_01:event {when: @date_1852_01_01, where: @philadelphia, minutes: @minutes_1852_01_01:document}

@file_a092_001_028_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1857_12:document {date: @date_1857_12, location: @philadelphia, meeting: @meeting_1857_12:event}  
@meeting_1857_12:event {when: @date_1857_12, where: @philadelphia, minutes: @minutes_1857_12:document}

@file_a092_001_029_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1852_03_03:document {date: @date_1852_03_03, location: @boston, meeting: @meeting_1852_03_03:event}  
@meeting_1852_03_03:event {when: @date_1852_03_03, where: @boston, minutes: @minutes_1852_03_03:document}

@file_a092_001_030_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1852_04_20:document {date: @date_1852_04_20, location: @philadelphia, meeting: @meeting_1852_04_20:event}  
@meeting_1852_04_20:event {when: @date_1852_04_20, where: @philadelphia, minutes: @minutes_1852_04_20:document}

@file_a092_001_031_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1852_05_04:document {date: @date_1852_05_04, location: @philadelphia, meeting: @meeting_1852_05_04:event}  
@meeting_1852_05_04:event {when: @date_1852_05_04, where: @philadelphia, minutes: @minutes_1852_05_04:document}

@file_a092_001_033_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1852_05_21:document {date: @date_1852_05_21, location: @philadelphia, meeting: @meeting_1852_05_21:event}  
@meeting_1852_05_21:event {when: @date_1852_05_21, where: @philadelphia, minutes: @minutes_1852_05_21:document}

@file_a092_001_034_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1852_08_19:document {date: @date_1852_08_19, location: @philadelphia, meeting: @meeting_1852_08_19:event}  
@meeting_1852_08_19:event {when: @date_1852_08_19, where: @philadelphia, minutes: @minutes_1852_08_19:document}

@file_a092_001_035_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1852_09_04:document {date: @date_1852_09_04, location: @philadelphia, meeting: @meeting_1852_09_04:event}  
@meeting_1852_09_04:event {when: @date_1852_09_04, where: @philadelphia, minutes: @minutes_1852_09_04:document}

@file_a092_001_040_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1852_09_13:document {date: @date_1852_09_13, location: @philadelphia, meeting: @meeting_1852_09_13:event}  
@meeting_1852_09_13:event {when: @date_1852_09_13, where: @philadelphia, minutes: @minutes_1852_09_13:document}

@file_a092_001_041_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1852_09_25:document {date: @date_1852_09_25, location: @philadelphia, meeting: @meeting_1852_09_25:event}  
@meeting_1852_09_25:event {when: @date_1852_09_25, where: @philadelphia, minutes: @minutes_1852_09_25:document}

@file_a092_001_042_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1852_10_25:document {date: @date_1852_10_25, location: @philadelphia, meeting: @meeting_1852_10_25:event}  
@meeting_1852_10_25:event {when: @date_1852_10_25, where: @philadelphia, minutes: @minutes_1852_10_25:document}

@file_a092_001_043_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1853_01_12:document {date: @date_1853_01_12, location: @philadelphia, meeting: @meeting_1853_01_12:event}  
@meeting_1853_01_12:event {when: @date_1853_01_12, where: @philadelphia, minutes: @minutes_1853_01_12:document}

@file_a092_001_044_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1853_01_19:document {date: @date_1853_01_19, location: @philadelphia, meeting: @meeting_1853_01_19:event}  
@meeting_1853_01_19:event {when: @date_1853_01_19, where: @philadelphia, minutes: @minutes_1853_01_19:document}

@file_a092_001_045_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1853_01_26:document {date: @date_1853_01_26, location: @philadelphia, meeting: @meeting_1853_01_26:event}  
@meeting_1853_01_26:event {when: @date_1853_01_26, where: @philadelphia, minutes: @minutes_1853_01_26:document}

**Key Resolutions & Actions (selected examples)**  

*Nov 9 1850*  
@dr_gleason -> moved -> @resolution_cease_lecturing:document {text: "Each member of this Faculty cease lecturing as soon as he finishes the sentence after the first Bell Rings", when: @date_1850_11_09}  
@dr_mccluskey -> moved -> @resolution_rent_rooms_advance:document {text: "Rent of the rooms which may hereafter be rented in the College be paid for in advance", when: @date_1850_11_09}  
@dr_mccluskey -> moved -> @resolution_gas_fee:document {text: "$1 be charged each student for gas during the session", amount: "$1", when: @date_1850_11_09}  
@dr_gleason -> moved -> @resolution_refuse_fixtures:document {text: "Faculty refuse to pay for any fixtures in the upper Lecture Room that were unauthorized by the Committee on fitting up the Room", when: @date_1850_11_09}  
@dr_gleason -> moved -> @resolution_clean_stones_pipe:document {text: "Stones and pipe not in use be cleaned and sold and returned to the committee on newspaper", when: @date_1850_11_09}

*Dec 1850* (file 017)  
@dr_gleason -> offered -> @resolution_dean_trinity:document {text: "Dean be authorized to give the Trinity for the session 1850‑51 to Miss Taylor", when: @date_1850_12_??}  
@dr_langshore -> moved -> @resolution_rescind_oct10_rent:document {text: "Resolution passed Oct 10 in regard to renting the lecture rooms for $2 per night be rescinded", when: @date_1850_12_??}  
@dr_gleason -> offered -> @resolution_rent_lower_room:document {text: "Dean be authorized to rent the lower room in the College", when: @date_1850_12_??}

*Jan 16 1851*  
@dr_longshore -> moved -> @resolution_refuse_eclectic_rent:document {text: "Faculty deem it inexpedient to rent the rooms in the College for the use of the Eclectic Medical College", when: @date_1851_01_16}

*May 29 1851*  
@dr_longshore -> moved -> @resolution_advertise_with_palmer:document {text: "Dean authorized to make arrangements with Mr. Palmer for advertising the College announcement in several papers", when: @date_1851_05_29}

*June 3 1857*  
@dr_johnson -> elected -> @position_professor_of_chemistry:position {date: @date_1857_06_03}  
@dean -> authorized -> @resolution_rent_house_229_to_renneman:document {text: "Dean be authorized to rent a portion of House No 229 Arch St to Mr. Renneman", when: @date_1857_06_03}  
@dr_longshore -> moved -> @resolution_assume_debts_mullin:document {text: "Faculty assume the debts against the institution held by Wm S. Mullin", when: @date_1857_06_03}  
@resolution_lease_mullin_building:document {text: "Faculty lease of Mr. Mullin the College Building", when: @date_1857_06_03}

*Sept 10 1851*  
@dr_mickison -> resigned -> @position_professor_of_chemistry:position {date: @date_1851_09_10}  
@dr_gregory -> moved -> @resolution_thank_dickason:document {text: "Thanks be tendered to Dr. Dickason for his kindness in accepting the chair of chemistry …", when: @date_1851_09_10}

*Dec 6 1851*  
@resolution_examination_commencement:document {text: "Examination of candidates for graduation be commenced on Monday evening next", when: @date_1851_12_06}  
@dr_langhorne -> moved -> @resolution_give_up_house_229:document {text: "House No 229 Arch St be given up to the landlord", when: @date_1851_12_06}

*Jan 1 1852* – no specific resolution recorded.

*Dec 1857* (graduation results)  
@graduation_1851_12_30:event {date: @date_1851_12_30, location: @musaeal_fund_hall, graduates: [@miss_phoebe_way, @anna_m_langshore, @ann_preston, @miss_alma_fowler, @miss_ellen_hicks, @mrs_cg_adams, @mrs_eb_chamberlin, @mrs_henrietta_johnson, @miss_augusta_montgomery, @mrs_hannah_ellis, @mrs_charlotte_adams, @mrs_margaret_richardson, @mrs_julia_beverly, @mrs_annah_anderson], ball_colors: {white: {"@miss_phoebe_way":1, "@anna_m_langshore":1, …}, black: {"@miss_phoebe_way":0, "@anna_m_langshore":0, …}}  

*Mar 3 1852 (Boston)*  
@dr_cornell -> gave -> @lecture_introductory:document {text: "Public introductory lecture at the commencement of the next course of lectures", when: @date_1852_03_03}  
@dr_cornell -> gave -> @valediction_address:document {text: "Valediction to the Graduates of the next session", when: @date_1852_03_03}

*Apr 20 1852* – preamble establishing FMC:  
@female_medical_college_of_pennsylvania -> established_by -> @legislature_of_commonwealth:organization {year: @date_1850}  
@commencement_1852:event {date: @date_1852_04_20, location: @musical_fund_hall, graduates: 8}

*May 4 1852* – creation of sustaining association:  
@association_to_sustain_fmc:organization -> formed -> @resolution_form_association:document {text: "Form an association whose object shall be to sustain the Female Medical College of Pennsylvania", when: @date_1852_05_04}

*May 21 1852* – solicitation & commission rules:  
@resolution_solicit_members:document {text: "Each member of the Faculty and such persons as they may appoint be authorized to solicit members to the association", when: @date_1852_05_21}  
@resolution_commission_by_dean:document {text: "Persons appointed shall be duly commissioned by the Dean of the Faculty; commission shall bear the Faculty seal", when: @date_1852_05_21}

*Aug 19 1852* – chair rename & election:  
@chair_materia_medica_and_general_therapeutics:concept -> renamed_from -> "Materia Medica and Pharmacy"  
@ellwood_harvey -> elected_to -> @chair_materia_medica_and_general_therapeutics:concept {when: @date_1852_08_19}

*Sept 4 1852* – committee on accounts:  
@committee_accounts -> appointed -> [@dr_longshore, @dr_moseley] {purpose: "investigate his accounts and report at the next Faculty Meeting", when: @date_1852_09_04}

*Sept 13 1852* – resignation of Dr. N. R. Moseley:  
@dr_n_r_moseley -> resigned -> @position_professor_of_anatomy:position {when: @date_1852_09_13}  

*Sept 25 1852* – recommendation for Demonstrator of Anatomy:  
@dr_longshore -> moved -> @resolution_recommend_hannah_longshore:document {text: "Recommend Mrs. Hannah E. Longshore as Demonstrator of Anatomy", when: @date_1852_09_25}

*Oct 25 1852* – election to Chair of Anatomy:  
@dr_rolfe -> elected_to -> @chair_anatomy:concept {when: @date_1852_10_25}  
@dr_pancoast -> elected_to -> @chair_anatomy:concept {when: @date_1852_10_25}

*Jan 12 1853* – candidates for M.D.:  
@meeting_1853_01_12:event -> listed_candidates -> [@mrs_henrietta_johnson, @miss_alma_fowler, @mrs_maria_mckinnis, @mrs_charlotte_adams, @mrs_hannah_ellis, @miss_augusta_montgomery, @mrs_margaret_richardson, @mrs_julia_beverly, @mrs_annah_anderson]

*Jan 19 1853* – ballot results (white/black balls) and second annual commencement planning:  
@ballot_1853_01_19:document {results: {"@mrs_henrietta_johnson":"All white", "@miss_alma_fowler":"All white", "@mrs_maria_mckinnis":"All white", "@mrs_charlotte_adams":"6 white, 1 black", "@mrs_hannah_ellis":"4 white, 3 black", …}, when: @date_1853_01_19}  
@resolution_schedule_second_commencement:document {text: "Second Annual Commencement to be held Thursday 27th Inst. in the Musical Fund Hall at 11 A.M.", when: @date_1853_01_19}

**Governance & Regulations (excerpt)**  

@resolution_dean_election:document {text: "Dean shall elect one of their members to act as Dean; who shall hold his office during the good pleasure of the Faculty", when: @date_1852_09_04}  
@resolution_meeting_authority:document {text: "Dean shall have authority to call a meeting of the Faculty whenever he may deem it advisable; if requested by three members a written notice signed by three members shall be sufficient", when: @date_1852_09_04}  
@resolution_quorum:document {text: "A majority of the Professors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business", when: @date_1852_09_04}  
@resolution_elections_by_ballot:document {text: "All elections shall be by ballot", when: @date_1852_09_04}  
@resolution_exemptions:document {text: "Students who have taken two courses of Lectures shall be exempted from payment of fees upon attending subsequent Courses", when: @date_1852_09_04}  
@graduation_rules:document {text: "Rules for the M.D. degree (application deadline, age, three years study, required subjects, thesis submission, examination by each professor, voting by ballot, etc.)", when: @date_1852_09_04}

**Financial & Property Transactions**  

@resolution_debit_anatomical_chair:document {text: "$11.48 debited to the account of the Anatomical Chair", when: @date_1852_09_04}  
@resolution_assume_moseley_rent:document {text: "Faculty assumed $25 of Dr. Moseley's office rent", when: @date_1852_09_04}  
@resolution_refund_rolfe_cornell:document {text: "Refund to Drs. Rolfe and Cornell thirteen dollars advanced by them to the Janitor", when: @date_1852_10_25}  

**Committee Appointments (selected)**  

@committee_raising_funds -> appointed -> [@dr_longshore, @dr_moseley] {when: @date_1852_09_04}  
@committee_medicines -> appointed -> [@dr_livezey, @dr_rolfe] {when: @date_1852_10_25}  
@committee_museum -> appointed -> [@dr_longshore, @dr_pancoast] {when: @date_1852_10_25}  
@committee_endowment -> appointed -> [@dr_cornell] {when: @date_1852_10_25}  
@society_defray_expenses -> organized_by -> [@dr_livezey, @dr_longshore, @dr_pancoast] {when: @date_1852_10_25}

**Beneficiary Program**  

@resolution_beneficiary_program:document {text: "Six students may be admitted as Beneficiaries on payment of $20 per session; applications must be submitted thirty days before session opening with testimonials", when: @date_1852_09_04}

**Key Personnel Changes (selected)**  

@dr_mickison -> resigned -> @position_professor_of_chemistry:position {date: @date_1851_09_10}  
@dr_gregory -> thanked -> @dr_dickason:person {for: "accepting the chair of chemistry"}  
@dr_longshore -> recommended -> @dr_rolfe:person {to: "Chair of Anatomy"}  
@dr_longshore -> recommended -> @dr_pancoast:person {to: "Chair of Anatomy"}  
@dr_longshore -> recommended -> @mrs_hannah_longshore:person {to: "Demonstrator of Anatomy"}  

**Summary of Faculty Governance Structure**  

@female_medical_college_of_pennsylvania -> governed_by -> @corporators:organization  
@corporators -> appoint -> @dean:person {current: @dr_johnson}  
@dean -> chairs -> @faculty_meetings:event  
@dean -> oversees -> @faculty_seal:concept  
@faculty_meetings -> produce -> @resolution:document  

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*All file codes referenced above are taken from the CONTENT section and are used to point to the original OCR‑derived minutes.*