Minutes of the Female Medical College of Pennsylvania, 1852-1854

**Core institution**

@female_medical_college_of_pennsylvania:organization {type: "Female medical college", location: @philadelphia, founded: @date_1850, active_years: "1850-1854"}

**Key administrators**

@david_i_johnson:person {full_name: "David I. Johnson", role: "Dean", tenure: "1852‑1854"}
@w_s_peirce:person {full_name: "William S. Peirce", role: "Secretary"}

**Faculty (selected)**  

@joseph_longshore:person {full_name: "Joseph S. Longshore", specialty: "Obstetrics & Diseases of Women & Children"}
@abraham_livezey:person {full_name: "Abraham Livezey", specialty: "Practice of Medicine"}
@ellwood_harvey:person {full_name: "Ellwood Harvey", specialty: "Therapeutics & Materia Medica"}
@seth_pancoast:person {full_name: "Seth Pancoast", specialty: "Anatomy"}
@david_j_cornell:person {full_name: "David J. Cornell", specialty: "Physiology"}
@enoch_rolfe:person {full_name: "Enoch C. Rolfe", specialty: "Surgery"}
@wilson_harvey:person {full_name: "William M. Harvey", specialty: "Therapeutics & Materia Medica"}   # referenced as “Harvey” in minutes
@abraham_sivey:person {full_name: "Abraham Sivey", specialty: "Principles & Practice of Medicine"}
@hilbern_darlington:person {full_name: "Hilbern Darlington", specialty: "Surgery"}
@ann_preston:person {full_name: "Ann Preston", specialty: "Physiology & Medical Institutes"}
@martha_browry:person {full_name: "Martha Browry", role: "Honorary M.D. recipient"}
@harriet_k_hunt:person {full_name: "Harriet K. Hunt", role: "Honorary M.D. recipient"}
@lucinda_r_brown:person {full_name: "Lucinda R. Brown", role: "M.D. candidate"}
@henry_p_birenbaum:person {full_name: "Henry P. Birenbaum", role: "Janitor (contract 1853‑1854)"}
@k_g_thomas:person {full_name: "K. G. Thomas", role: "Professor of Surgery (elected 1854)"}
@edward_russell:person {full_name: "Edwin Russell", role: "Professor of Anatomy (elected 1854)"}
@wilson_elder:person {full_name: "William Elder", role: "Lecturer on Medical Jurisprudence"}

**Academic sessions & major events**

@session_3rd_1852_1853:event {description: "3rd Annual Session", start: @date_1852_09_13, end: @date_1853_01_27}
@session_4th_1853_1854:event {description: "4th Annual Session", start: @date_1853_10_01, end: @date_1854_02_25}
@commencement_2nd_1853:event {date: @date_1853_01_27, location: @musical_fund_hall, description: "2nd Annual Commencement"}
@commencement_3rd_1854:event {date: @date_1854_02_25, location: @musical_fund_hall, description: "3rd Annual Commencement (rescheduled from Mar 2 1854)"}
@commencement_3rd_original:event {date: @date_1854_03_02, location: @musical_fund_hall, description: "Original date for 3rd Commencement (later changed)"}
@musical_fund_hall:place {city: @philadelphia, type: "Concert hall"}

**Minutes (documents) – linked to files**

@minutes_1852_10_28:document {date: @date_1852_10_28, type: "Faculty minutes"}
@file_a092_001_042_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1852_10_28

@minutes_1853_01_12:document {date: @date_1853_01_12, type: "Faculty minutes"}
@file_a092_001_043_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1853_01_12

@minutes_1853_01_19:document {date: @date_1853_01_19, type: "Faculty minutes"}
@file_a092_001_043_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1853_01_19

@minutes_1853_01_26:document {date: @date_1853_01_26, type: "Faculty minutes"}
@file_a092_001_044_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1853_01_26

@minutes_1853_02_07:document {date: @date_1853_02_07, type: "Faculty minutes"}
@file_a092_001_047_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1853_02_07

@minutes_1853_03_11:document {date: @date_1853_03_11, type: "Faculty minutes"}
@file_a092_001_048_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1853_03_11

@minutes_1853_04_23:document {date: @date_1853_04_23, type: "Faculty minutes"}
@file_a092_001_049_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1853_04_23

@minutes_1853_05_12:document {date: @date_1853_05_12, type: "Faculty minutes"}
@file_a092_001_051_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1853_05_12

@minutes_1853_10_01:document {date: @date_1853_10_01, type: "Faculty minutes"}
@file_a092_001_054_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1853_10_01

@minutes_1853_10_17:document {date: @date_1853_10_17, type: "Faculty minutes"}
@file_a092_001_055_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1853_10_17

@minutes_1853_10_28:document {date: @date_1853_10_28, type: "Faculty minutes"}
@file_a092_001_056_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1853_10_28

@minutes_1854_01_02:document {date: @date_1854_01_02, type: "Faculty minutes"}
@file_a092_001_057_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1854_01_02

@minutes_1854_01_27:document {date: @date_1854_01_27, type: "Faculty minutes"}
@file_a092_001_058_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1854_01_27

@minutes_1854_02_13:document {date: @date_1854_02_13, type: "Faculty minutes"}
@file_a092_001_059_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1854_02_13

@minutes_1854_02_21:document {date: @date_1854_02_21, type: "Faculty minutes"}
@file_a092_001_060_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1854_02_21

**Key resolutions & appointments (relationships)**  

@david_i_johnson -> appointed -> @committee_fundraising:organization {purpose: "Raise funds for immediate necessities", members: [@harvey, @johnson, @livezey, @rolfe, @longshore, @pancoast, @cornell]}

@david_i_johnson -> appointed -> @committee_museum:organization {purpose: "Procure preparations for museum", members: [@longshore, @pancoast]}

@david_i_johnson -> appointed -> @committee_endowment:organization {purpose: "Raise endowment fund", members: [@cornell]}

@david_i_johnson -> appointed -> @committee_audit:organization {purpose: "Audit Dean’s accounts", members: [@harvey, @pancoast, @longshore]}

@david_i_johnson -> appointed -> @committee_commencement_hall:organization {purpose: "Select hall for Commencement", members: [@harvey, @johnson]}

@david_i_johnson -> appointed -> @committee_dissecting_room:organization {purpose: "Fit up dissecting room & anatomical museum", members: [@fussell, @darlington]}

@david_i_johnson -> appointed -> @committee_dispensary:organization {purpose: "Fit up College Dispensary", members: [@kerr]}

@david_i_johnson -> appointed -> @committee_announcement:organization {purpose: "Prepare Fourth Annual Announcement", members: [@johnson]}

@david_i_johnson -> appointed -> @committee_advertising:organization {purpose: "Advertise Fourth Annual Session", members: [@harvey]}

@david_i_johnson -> appointed -> @committee_beneficiaries:organization {purpose: "Admit Beneficiaries", members: [@darlington]}

**Faculty elections & resignations**

@seth_pancoast -> elected -> @chair_anatomy:position {date: @date_1854_02_13}
@edward_russell -> elected -> @chair_anatomy:position {date: @date_1854_02_13}
@hilbern_darlington -> elected -> @chair_surgery:position {date: @date_1853_04_23}
@k_g_thomas -> elected -> @chair_surgery:position {date: @date_1854_02_20}
@ann_preston -> elected -> @chair_physiology_medical_institutes:position {date: @date_1854_02_20}
@abraham_sivey -> resigned -> @chair_principles_practice:position {date: @date_1853_02_07}
@ellwood_harvey -> resigned -> @chair_materia_medica_general_therapeutics:position {date: @date_1853_02_07}
@ellwood_harvey -> elected -> @chair_principles_practice:position {date: @date_1853_02_07}
@mark_g_kerr -> elected -> @chair_materia_medica_general_therapeutics:position {date: @date_1854_05_12}
@martha_browry -> awarded -> @honorary_md:award {date: @date_1854_05_12}
@harriet_k_hunt -> awarded -> @honorary_md:award {date: @date_1853_01_27}
@lucinda_r_brown -> admitted -> @md_candidate:status {date: @date_1854_01_02}
@lucinda_r_brown -> passed -> @md_degree:award {date: @date_1854_02_13}
@martha_h_moory -> awarded -> @honorary_md:award {date: @date_1854_05_12}
@martha_h_moory -> elected -> @chair_obstetrics_women_children:position {date: @date_1854_05_12}

**Graduates & theses (selected)**  

@hannah_w_ellis:person {full_name: "Hannah W. Ellis", degree: "M.D.", thesis: "Parturition", residence: @philadelphia}
@henrietta_w_johnson:person {full_name: "Henrietta W. Johnson", degree: "M.D.", thesis: "Functions of the Skin", residence: @new_york}
@maria_mckinnis:person {full_name: "Maria McKinnis", degree: "M.D.", thesis: "Medical Jurisprudence", residence: @pennsylvania}
@charlotte_g_adams:person {full_name: "Charlotte G. Adams", degree: "M.D.", thesis: "De effectis lactationis mimiae", residence: @boston}
@hannah_w_ellis -> graduated -> @session_3rd_1852_1853:event {date: @date_1853_01_27}
@henrietta_w_johnson -> graduated -> @session_3rd_1852_1853:event {date: @date_1853_01_27}
@maria_mckinnis -> graduated -> @session_3rd_1852_1853:event {date: @date_1853_01_27}
@charlotte_g_adams -> graduated -> @session_3rd_1852_1853:event {date: @date_1853_01_27}
@augusta_r_montgomery:person {full_name: "Augusta R. Montgomery", degree: "M.D.", thesis: "Medical Education of Women", residence: @new_york}
@augusta_r_montgomery -> graduated -> @session_3rd_1852_1853:event {date: @date_1853_01_27}
@julia_a_beverly:person {full_name: "Julia A. Beverly", degree: "M.D.", thesis: "Ferrum", residence: @providence}
@julia_a_beverly -> graduated -> @session_3rd_1852_1853:event {date: @date_1853_01_27}
@ann_n_s_anderson:person {full_name: "Ann N. S. Anderson", degree: "M.D.", thesis: "General Physiology", residence: @bristol}
@ann_n_s_anderson -> graduated -> @session_3rd_1852_1853:event {date: @date_1853_01_27}
@margaret_richardson:person {full_name: "Margaret Richardson", degree: "M.D.", thesis: "Phthisis Pulmonalis", residence: @philadelphia}
@margaret_richardson -> graduated -> @session_3rd_1852_1853:event {date: @date_1853_01_27}

**Committee‑related financial allocations (summary)**  

@committee_finance_1853_05_12:organization {budget_items: [{item: "Printing Announcements", amount: 100}, {item: "Advertising 4th Session", amount: 500}, {item: "Dissecting Room & Museum", amount: 60}, {item: "Dispensary fitting", amount: 100}, {item: "Repay Dr. Harvey", amount: 79}, {item: "Pay Miss Montgomery", amount: 66}, {item: "Apparatus & preparations", amount: 100}], total: 1005, date: @date_1853_05_12}

**Key procedural rules (resolution excerpts)**  

@rule_demonstrator_anatomy:concept {text: "Demonstrator of Anatomy shall be a female, elected by Corporators, sole controller of dissecting room, issue tickets, receive proceeds, attend during fixed hours, recapitulate lectures as required."}
@female_medical_college_of_pennsylvania -> adopted -> @rule_demonstrator_anatomy

**Bell‑ringing schedule (policy)**  

@policy_bell_ring:concept {original_time: "10,11,12,1,2 AM; 4,5,6 PM", revised_time: "5 min before lecture hour and at the hour", revision_date: @date_1854_02_25}
@female_medical_college_of_pennsylvania -> adopted -> @policy_bell_ring

**Music & venue arrangements for Commencements**  

@band_breiter:organization {type: "Band", fee: 36}
@commencement_2nd_1853 -> featured -> @band_breiter
@commencement_3rd_1854 -> featured -> @band_breiter

**Janitorial contract**  

@henry_p_birenbaum -> contracted_as -> @janitor:position {start: @date_1853_05_01, salary: 300, term: "1 year"}

**Beneficiaries (selected)**  

@lydia_p_jacobs:person {residence: @philadelphia}
@minerva_t_hoes:person {residence: @oswego_ny}
@jessica_b_merritt:person {residence: @somerset_ny}
@jane_s_heald:person {residence: @lincoln_maine}
@lucinda_r_brown -> admitted_as -> @beneficiary:status {date: @date_1854_01_02}
@lucinda_r_brown -> admitted_as -> @beneficiary:status {date: @date_1854_02_13}
@lucinda_r_brown -> admitted_as -> @beneficiary:status {date: @date_1854_02_13}

**File‑to‑entity mappings (representative examples)**  

@file_pinax -> metadata -> @female_medical_college_of_pennsylvania {title: "Minutes of the Female Medical College of Pennsylvania, 1852‑1854", creator: [@female_medical_college_of_pennsylvania, @david_i_johnson], subjects: ["Medical education","Women in medicine","College administration"]}

@file_a092_001_042_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1852_10_28
@file_a092_001_043_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1853_01_12
@file_a092_001_044_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1853_01_26
@file_a092_001_045_jpg -> documents -> @session_3rd_1852_1853:event {description: "Memoranda of 3rd annual session"}
@file_a092_001_046_jpg -> documents -> @session_3rd_1852_1853:event {description: "List of graduates and theses"}
@file_a092_001_047_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1853_02_07
@file_a092_001_048_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1853_03_11
@file_a092_001_049_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1853_04_23
@file_a092_001_050_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1853_05_01
@file_a092_001_051_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1853_05_12
@file_a092_001_052_jpg -> documents -> @session_4th_1853_1854:event {description: "Lecture schedule & committee actions"}
@file_a092_001_053_jpg -> documents -> @session_4th_1853_1854:event {description: "Committee appointments & facilities"}
@file_a092_001_054_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1853_10_01
@file_a092_001_055_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1853_10_17
@file_a092_001_056_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1853_10_28
@file_a092_001_057_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1854_01_02
@file_a092_001_058_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1854_01_27
@file_a092_001_059_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1854_02_13
@file_a092_001_060_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1854_02_21
@file_a092_001_061_jpg -> documents -> @minutes_1854_02_20

**Summary of relationships**

- The college’s **Dean** (@david_i_johnson) **appointed** numerous **committees** for finance, facilities, and admissions.  
- **Faculty members** were **elected**, **resigned**, or **reassigned** to specific **chairs** throughout 1852‑1854.  
- **Graduates** received **M.D. degrees** and presented **theses**; their names are linked to the **3rd Annual Session**.  
- **Commencements** were held in the **Musical Fund Hall**, featuring **Breiter’s Band**; the 3rd Commencement date was changed from March 2 1854 to February 25 1854.  
- **Beneficiaries** (students receiving free instruction) were admitted by designated **committees**.  
- **Financial allocations** for printing, advertising, and facilities are recorded in the **May 12 1853 finance committee**.  
- **Policy changes** (e.g., bell‑ringing schedule, Demonstrator of Anatomy rule) were formally **adopted** by the college.  

All entities above are defined once; common‑knowledge places (e.g., @philadelphia, @new_york) are referenced without definition.