RG003_NHSC_BAAI_PS_Divorce_Saunderson_001.jpg

New Haven County Superior Court Divorce Case of Sophy vs. James Saunderson

Version: 4 (current) | Updated: 12/4/2025, 3:17:13 PM

Added description

Description

Sophy vs. James Saunderson Divorce Case Collection (1784‑1785)

Overview

This collection comprises digitized primary‑source documents from the New Haven County Superior Court, documenting a divorce proceeding between Sophy, a free Negro woman, and James Saunderson, a free Negro man. The materials were produced in 1784‑1785 and include marriage certificates, a petition for divorce, and the court’s grant of divorce. All items are available as scanned images (JPEG and TIFF) with accompanying OCR text where available.

Background

The collection is part of the Connecticut State Library’s New Haven County Superior Court files, specifically the “Black, African American, and Indigenous” (BAAI) subset. It reflects the legal status of free Black residents in colonial and early‑American Connecticut, a period when such individuals could own property, marry, and litigate in court. The case illustrates the complexities of marriage and divorce for free Black people in the 18th century, including issues of prior marriage and marital deception.

Contents

  • Marriage Certificate (James Saunderson & Sophy) – dated October 18, 1784, issued in New Haven.
  • Marriage Certificate (James Saunderson & Caroline) – dated December 1763, indicating a prior marriage.
  • Petition for Divorce (Sophy) – filed August 23, 1785, alleging that James had deceived her and was still married to Caroline.
  • Court Grant of Divorce (Sophy) – issued in 1785, dissolving the marriage and restoring Sophy’s freedom to dispose of her property.
  • Supporting documents – including signatures of underwriters and court officials (e.g., Bilard Hubbard, Samuel Wales).
Each document is represented by a JPEG scan (with OCR) and a high‑resolution TIFF for archival preservation.

Scope

The collection covers legal proceedings in New Haven, Connecticut, from 1763 (the earlier marriage) through 1785 (the divorce grant). It focuses on free Black individuals, their marital status, and their interactions with the colonial legal system. The materials are relevant to scholars of African‑American legal history, early‑American court procedures, and the social history of free people of color in New England. The collection does not include ancillary court records beyond those directly related to the Sophy‑Saunderson case.

Entities

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Entity Relationships

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Raw Cheimarros Data

@connecticut_state_library:organization {location: @connecticut}

@connecticut:place {country: @united_states}

@new_haven:place {state: @connecticut, country: @united_states}

@new_haven_county:place {state: @connecticut, country: @united_states}

@new_haven_county_superior_court:place {city: @new_haven, county: @new_haven_county, type: "Court"}

@sophy:person {full_name: "Sophy", ethnicity: "Free Negro", residence: @new_haven, gender: "female"}

@james_saunderson:person {full_name: "James Saunderson", ethnicity: "Free Negro", residence: @new_haven, gender: "male"}

@caroline:person {full_name: "Caroline", ethnicity: "Negro", gender: "female"}

@bilard_hubbard:person {full_name: "Bilard Hubbard", role: "Underwriter"}

@samuel_wales:person {full_name: "Samuel Wales", role: "Signer"}

@sophy_vs_james_saunderson:document {type: "Divorce case", parties: [@sophy, @james_saunderson], jurisdiction: @new_haven_county_superior_court, date: @date_1785_08_23, description: "Divorce case involving Sophy, a free Negro woman, and James Saunderson, a free Negro man, who was previously married to Caroline."}

@file_pinax:file {title: "New Haven County Superior Court Divorce Case of Sophy vs. James Saunderson", type: "Collection", creator: [@sophy, @james_saunderson, @caroline, @samuel_wales, @bilard_hubbard], institution: @connecticut_state_library, created: @date_1784, end: @date_1785, language: "en", subjects: ["Divorce", "African American history", "New Haven County", "Marriage", "Legal documents", "Black history", "18th century"], description: "Collection of documents related to a divorce case in New Haven County Superior Court involving Sophy, a free Negro woman, and James Saunderson, a free Negro man, who was previously married to Caroline. The documents include marriage certificates and a petition for divorce.", source: "PINAX"}

@file_rg003_nhsc_baai_ps_divorce_saunderson_001_jpg:file {ocr_text: "The underwriter Married in New Haven October 18th 1784 a Negro man by the name of James Sanderson to a Negro woman who called herself Sophia Jackson.\n\nNew Haven August 26th 1785.\nBilard Hubbard"}

@file_rg003_nhsc_baai_ps_divorce_saunderson_002_jpg:file {ocr_text: "This certifies that a Negro Man called Quavon, alias James Saundersford & a Negro Woman called Caroline were married by the Subscriber in Dec 1763.\n\nNew Haven Aug 26, 1765\n\nSamuel Wales"}

@file_rg003_nhsc_baai_ps_divorce_saunderson_003_jpg:file {ocr_text: "To the Honorable Court of Judicature of the State of Connecticut now sitting in New Haven Augt Term 1785:\nThe Petition & Memorial of Sophy, a free Negro woman now residing in the City of New Haven, humbly sheweth.\nThat she the said Sophy being then a single unmarried person, was in the fall of the year 1784 married unto James a free negro then still living in this City; who two days after before the consummation of his marriage was taken up to put in goal at the instance of his wife Caroline then living, to whom he had before been married & from whom he neither then was nor still is divorced. That the said Sophy was deceived by P. James, who declared before the Revd Mr Hubbard ...\n... Dated New Haven Augt 23. 1785.\n\nSophy her Mark"}

@file_rg003_nhsc_baai_ps_divorce_saunderson_004_jpg:file {ocr_text: "Sophy Negro\nPetition Grant\nEn P.\nSophy - Free Negro Woman\nDivorce\n1785"}

@file_rg003_nhsc_baai_ps_divorce_saunderson_001_tif:file {note: "No OCR text available"}

@file_rg003_nhsc_baai_ps_divorce_saunderson_002_tif:file {note: "No OCR text available"}

@file_rg003_nhsc_baai_ps_divorce_saunderson_003_tif:file {note: "No OCR text available"}

@file_rg003_nhsc_baai_ps_divorce_saunderson_004_tif:file {note: "No OCR text available"}

@file_pinax -> documents -> @sophy_vs_james_saunderson

@file_rg003_nhsc_baai_ps_divorce_saunderson_001_jpg -> depicts -> @sophy_vs_james_saunderson

@file_rg003_nhsc_baai_ps_divorce_saunderson_002_jpg -> depicts -> @sophy_vs_james_saunderson

@file_rg003_nhsc_baai_ps_divorce_saunderson_003_jpg -> depicts -> @sophy_vs_james_saunderson

@file_rg003_nhsc_baai_ps_divorce_saunderson_004_jpg -> depicts -> @sophy_vs_james_saunderson

@james_saunderson -> married to -> @caroline {date: @date_1763_12, location: @new_haven}

@james_saunderson -> married to -> @sophy {date: @date_1784_10_18, location: @new_haven}

@sophy -> petitioned -> @new_haven_county_superior_court {date: @date_1785_08_23, subject: "Divorce"}

@file_rg003_nhsc_baai_ps_divorce_saunderson_001_jpg -> contains -> @marriage_certificate_james_sophy:document {parties: [@james_saunderson, @sophy], date: @date_1784_10_18, location: @new_haven}

@file_rg003_nhsc_baai_ps_divorce_saunderson_002_jpg -> contains -> @marriage_certificate_james_caroline:document {parties: [@james_saunderson, @caroline], date: @date_1763_12, location: @new_haven}

@file_rg003_nhsc_baai_ps_divorce_saunderson_003_jpg -> contains -> @petition_sophy:document {petitioner: @sophy, date: @date_1785_08_23, court: @new_haven_county_superior_court}

@file_rg003_nhsc_baai_ps_divorce_saunderson_004_jpg -> contains -> @petition_grant_sophy:document {petitioner: @sophy, date: @date_1785, type: "Divorce grant"}

@nhsc_baai_cases_papers_subject:concept {description: "Subject index field for Black, African American, and Indigenous cases and papers in New Haven County Superior Court files"}

@sophy_vs_james_saunderson -> indexed by -> @nhsc_baai_cases_papers_subject

Metadata

Files (8)

RG003_NHSC_BAAI_PS_Divorce_Saunderson_001.jpgJPEG
188.09 KB
OCR Text

The underwriter Married in New Haven October 18th 1784 a Negro man by the name of James Sanderson to a Negro woman who called herself Sophia Jackson. New Haven August 26th 1785. Bilard Hubbard

RG003_NHSC_BAAI_PS_Divorce_Saunderson_002.jpgJPEG
202.68 KB
OCR Text

This certifies that a Negro Man called Quavon, alias James Saundersford & a Negro Woman called Caroline were married by the Subscriber in Dec 1763. New Haven Aug 26, 1765 Samuel Wales

RG003_NHSC_BAAI_PS_Divorce_Saunderson_003.jpgJPEG
541.62 KB
OCR Text

To the Honorable Court of Judicature of the State of Connecticut now sitting in New Haven Augt Term 1785: The Petition & Memorial of Sophy, a free Negro woman now residing in the City of New Haven, humbly sheweth. That she the said Sophy being then a single unmarried person, was in the fall of the year 1784 married unto James a free negro then still living in this City; who two days after before the consummation of his marriage was taken up to put in goal at the instance of his wife Caroline then living, to whom he had before been married & from whom he neither then was nor still is divorced. That the said Sophy was deceived by P. James, who declared before the Revd Mr Hubbard that he was not married to said Caroline. That P. James has returned to Caroline & lives with her. That Sophy has never cohabited with P. James as man & wife, nor has had any personal communication with P. James since his being put into goal as falls above said. And thereupon the said Sophy prays that your Honor would declare her to Marriage with P. James null & void, dissolve the same & divorce her from said James forever, so that and note also wholly freed and she may be at liberty to dispose of her property & contract as she shall desire. Dated New Haven Augt 23. 1785. Sophy her Mark

RG003_NHSC_BAAI_PS_Divorce_Saunderson_004.jpgJPEG
355.95 KB
OCR Text

Sophy Negro Petition Grant En P. Sophy - Free Negro Woman Divorce 1785

Version History (4 versions)

  • ✓ v4 (current) · 12/4/2025, 3:17:13 PM
    "Added description"
  • v3 · 12/4/2025, 2:42:04 PM · View this version
    "Added knowledge graph extraction"
  • v2 · 12/4/2025, 6:38:49 AM · View this version
    "Added PINAX metadata"
  • v1 · 12/4/2025, 6:29:07 AM · View this version
    "Reorganization group: Reference_Metadata"

Parent

01KBKZY6KSWVFQSMZ31VG3WA8S

No children (leaf entity)