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SONNETS OF SHAKESPEARE
Words peculiar to sonnets and early plays.
At many points, characteristic features of Shakespeare’s vocabulary in the sonnets are as intimately associated with the early plays as the imagery. Several uncommon yet significant words in the sonnets figure in early plays and nowhere else. Such are the epithet ‘dateless’, which is twice used in the sonnets—XXX. 6 and CLIII. 6, and is only used twice elsewhere, in two early plays, *Richard II*, i. 3. 151, and *Romeo and Juliet*, v. 3. 115'; the two words ‘compile’ (LXXVIII. 9), or ‘compil’d’ (LXXXV. 2), and ‘filed’ (in the sense of ‘polished’), which only appear in the sonnets and in *Love’s Labour’s Lost* (iv. 3. 134; v. 2. 52 and 896; v. i. 12); the participial ‘Out-worn’ in sonnets LXIV. 2 ‘Out-worn buried age’, and LXVIII. 1 ‘days out-worn’, which is only met with in *Lucrece*, 1350, ‘the worn-out age’, and 1761, ‘time out-worn’; the epithet ‘world-without-end’, *Sonnet* LVII. 5, which is only found elsewhere in *Love’s Labour’s Lost*, v. 2. 799; ‘wires’ for ‘hair’ (CXXX, 4), a favourite word with Elizabethan sonneteers between 1590 and 1597, which is only found elsewhere in the epithet ‘wiry’ for ‘hairy’ in *King John*, iii. 4. 64; and ‘idolatry’ (‘Let not my love be called idolatry’) in CV. 1, which is used elsewhere in five plays—one alone, *Troilus and Cressida* (ii. 2. 56), being of later period.
is closely akin to the lines in yet another early play, *Midsummer Night’s Dream*, iii. 2. 391–3, where we read how
the Eastern gate, all fiery red,
Opening on Neptune with fair blessed beams,
Turns into yellow gold his salt-green streams.
* Cf. Son. xxx. 6:
For precious friends hid in death’s dateless night.
* Rom. and Jul. v. 3. 115:
A dateless bargain to engrossing death!
* Viz. Two Gentlemen, iv. 4. 207; *Love’s Labour’s Lost*, iv. 3. 75; *A Midsummer Night’s Dream*, i. 1. 109; *Romeo and Juliet*, ii. 2. 114; and *Troilus and Cressida*, ii. 2. 56.
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