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- PERICLES 9
volume was twice reissued (about 1595 and in 1607) before the play was attempted. The translator, Laurence Twine, a graduate of All Souls College, Oxford, performed his task without distinction.
The reissue in 1607 of Twine’s English rendering of the old Latin story of Apollonius of Tyre may have suggested the dramatization of the theme. But those who were responsible for the effort did not seek their material alone in Twine’s verbose narrative. They based their work on the earlier, briefer, and more spirited version in Gower’s *Confessio Amantis*. That poem, which was first printed by Caxton in 1483, was twice reprinted in the sixteenth century by Thomas Berthelet in 1532 and 1554, and the latest edition was generally accessible at the beginning of the seventeenth century. A prominent feature of the Shakespearean play is ‘the chorus’ or ‘presenter’ who explains the action before or during the acts. The ‘chorus’ takes the character of the poet Gower. Of his eight speeches (filling in all 305 lines), five (filling 212 lines) are in the short six- or seven-syllable rhyming couplets of Gower’s *Confessio*. Abundant internal details corroborate the professed claim of the writers to dramatize Gower’s version of the ancient story. Twine’s volume only furnished occasional embellishment. Most of the characters bear the names which figure in Gower’s story. All differ materially from those in Twine’s version.
Not that the drama fails to deviate on occasion from the path which Gower followed. At three points the nomenclature of the play differs from all the authorities. In Gower
The play and Gower’s version.
The nomenclature of the play.
by Valentine Simmes for the Widow Newman’; a copy was formerly in E. V. Utterson’s library and sold at his sale in 1854 for £7 7s. od.; this was reprinted in Collier’s *Shakespeare’s Library*, 1843, i. 182–257 (re-edited by W. C. Hazlitt, pt. i, vol. iv, 247–334).
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