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- Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany in 1879. He developed the theory of special relativity in 1905 while working at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern, Switzerland. Einstein later moved to Princeton, New Jersey, where he worked at the Institute for Advanced Study until his death in 1955. His famous equation E=mc² established the relationship between mass and energy. Einstein received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. He was friends with Niels Bohr and Max Planck, both pioneering physicists.