@chartbook_153:document {title: "Chartbook #153: The South Asian Polycrisis", creator: @adam_tooze, created: @date_2022_09_22, description: "Newsletter analysing the South Asian polycrisis – economic, demographic, environmental and geopolitical challenges in the region and their global links"}  

@adam_tooze:person {full_name: "Adam Tooze"}  

@date_2022_09_22  
@date_2022_07_18  
@date_2022_09_18  

@polycrisis:concept {description: "Interplay of multiple, overlapping crises (economic, demographic, environmental, geopolitical) that reinforce each other"}  

@south_asia:place {description: "Region delineated by the Himalayas (north), Hindu Kush (west) and the Arakanese hills (east)"}  

@india:place {population: "1.36 bn (projected to become the world’s most populous country)", status: "rapid economic growth since the late 1990s"}  
@pakistan:place {population: "216 million"}  
@bangladesh:place {population: "163 million", gdp_per_capita: "higher than India"}  
@sri_lanka:place {}  
@afghanistan:place {}  

@south_asia -> comprises -> [@india, @pakistan, @bangladesh, @sri_lanka, @afghanistan]  

@south_asia -> described_by -> @polycrisis  

@chartbook_153 -> focuses_on -> @south_asia  

@chartbook_153 -> discusses -> [@economic_growth, @demographic_pressures, @environmental_pressures, @geopolitical_tensions, @regional_conflicts, @uneven_and_combined_development]  

@economic_growth:concept {description: "Rapid expansion of output, especially in India"}  
@demographic_pressures:concept {description: "High population growth and youth bulges"}  
@environmental_pressures:concept {description: "Climate‑related stress, water scarcity, heatwaves"}  
@geopolitical_tensions:concept {description: "Great‑power rivalry (USA, China, Russia) affecting the region"}  
@regional_conflicts:concept {description: "Instabilities in Afghanistan, Pakistan and Sri Lanka"}  
@uneven_and_combined_development:concept {description: "Disparate development trajectories within and across borders"}  

@chartbook_153 -> mentions -> [@india, @pakistan, @bangladesh, @sri_lanka, @afghanistan, @china, @usa]  

@china:place {}  
@usa:place {}  

@north_east_asia:place {description: "Dominated by tensions around and within China"}  
@central_asia:place {description: "China‑Russia axis is key"}  
@south_east_asia:place {description: "More insulated from great‑power rivalry; zone of rapid development"}  
@west_asia:place {description: "Region of deep crisis, overlapping with South‑Asia"}  

@north_east_asia -> dominated_by -> @china  
@central_asia -> key_axis -> [@china, @russia]  
@south_east_asia -> insulated_from -> @great_power_rivalry  
@west_asia -> overlaps_with -> @south_asia  

@great_power_rivalry:concept {description: "Strategic competition among USA, China and Russia"}  
@russia:place {}  

@indonesia:place {}  
@indonesia -> success_story -> @south_east_asia  

@esfandyar_batmanghelidj:person {full_name: "Esfandyar Batmanghelidj"}  
@esfandyar_batmanghelidj -> tweeted_about -> @west_asia {when: @date_2022_09_18, text: "West Asia is in a deep crisis – Russia, Pakistan, Lebanon all part of it"}  

@chartbook_153 -> includes_tweet -> @esfandyar_batmanghelidj_tweet:document {author: @esfandyar_batmanghelidj, date: @date_2022_09_18}  

@robin_brooks_iif:person {full_name: "Robin Brooks"}  
@robin_brooks_iif -> posted -> @gdp_growth_tweet:document {type: "tweet", date: @date_2022_07_18, content: "Cumulative real per‑capita GDP growth (2007‑2021): USA +12.9 %, Sweden +10.4 %, Germany +10.1 %, …"}  

@chartbook_153 -> includes_tweet -> @gdp_growth_tweet  

@iea:organization {full_name: "International Energy Agency"}  
@iea -> calls_for -> @clean_technology_investment:concept {amount: "$4 tn annually", purpose: "net‑zero by 2050"}  

@g7:organization {description: "Group of advanced economies accounting for ≈ $45 tn annual GDP"}  
@g7 -> investment_gap -> @clean_technology_investment  

@chartbook_153 -> mentions -> @iea  
@chartbook_153 -> mentions -> @g7  

@annual_subscription:concept {price: "$50", period: "year"}  
@monthly_subscription:concept {price: "$5", period: "month"}  
@founders_club:concept {price: "$120", period: "year"}  

@chartbook_153 -> offers_subscription -> [@annual_subscription, @monthly_subscription, @founders_club]  

@mesandbu:person {full_name: "MESandbu"}  
@mesandbu -> wrote_article -> @iea_article:document {title: "G7 investment ratios to 1970s could fill half of IEA’s $4 tn clean‑tech gap", source: "Financial Times"}  

@chartbook_153 -> cites -> @mesandbu_article:document {author: @mesandbu, title: "G7 investment ratios to 1970s could fill half of IEA’s $4 tn clean‑tech gap"}  

@oil_price_chart:document {type: "image", description: "Oil prices rose sharply in the 1970s; 2022 rise is broader‑based"}  
@oil_price_chart -> shows -> @oil_prices:concept {trend: "1970s spike vs 2022 broad increase"}  

@chartbook_153 -> includes_image -> @oil_price_chart  

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**Summary of key relationships**  
- The South Asian polycrisis ( @polycrisis ) is centred on @south_asia, which comprises @india, @pakistan, @bangladesh, @sri_lanka and @afghanistan.  
- @chartbook_153 analyses the region’s economic growth, demographic pressures, environmental stresses, geopolitical tensions, regional conflicts and uneven development.  
- It links South Asia to broader great‑power rivalry ( @great_power_rivalry ) involving @china, @usa and @russia, and notes the contrasting dynamics in @north_east_asia, @central_asia, @south_east_asia and @west_asia.  
- The newsletter cites tweets from @esfandyar_batmanghelidj and @robin_brooks_iif, references the IEA’s clean‑technology investment gap, and mentions G7 investment shortfalls.  
- Subscription options (@annual_subscription, @monthly_subscription, @founders_club) are offered for the Chartbook series.